懷石 / Kaiseki (Cha Kaiseki)

「懷石」是日本料理形式的一種。為了區別同樣日語發音（漢字寫法不同）的「會席」，也被稱作茶懷石。懷石與日本的茶道共同發展。在喝茶之前，為了避免空腹喝茶而提供的料理就是懷石料理。現今，在飲食業中多是作為輕食或是少量套餐料理的含義而使用這個詞彙。原本的含義是作為為了要品嚐茶的美味而準備的料理。

Kaiseki is a genre of Japanese cuisine. Sometimes it is called Cha Kaiseki to distinguish it from the identically named genre, Kaiseki (Kaiseki Ryori). Kaiseki (Cha Kaiseki) is a light meal before enjoying tea in the process of a Japanese tea ceremony. Before drinking tea, in case of participant being hungry, the tea couldn't be fully enjoyed. When one was invited to a tea ceremony, a light meal was served historically. It’s Cha Kaiseki; Cha means tea. Nowadays, the meaning has changed. In restaurants, Kaiseki stands for just a light meal which consists of several small dishes as a course.

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精進料理（素食料理） / Shojin Ryori

精進料理（素食料理）是基於佛教的戒律，不使用動物性食材的料理。在亞洲的各個國家都可看到素食料理，日本式的精進料理也有日本獨有的特色。日本的精進料理是使用昆布、紅豆、黃豆、葫蘆干、乾香菇、甜菜、牛蒡等食材來熬高湯。日本料理上常使用的味醂因為含有酒精，因此不用在精進料理上。

Shojin Ryori is a category of Japanese cuisine. Shojin literally stands for purifying or devoting oneself to something. Shojin Ryori is based on the ideas of Buddhism, and doesn’t use any meat or animal proteins. Actually, it’s seen in various Asian countries, but the style and ingredients are slightly different. As dashi (soup stock) has an important role in Japanese cuisine, kombu (kelp), red beans, soy beans, kanpyou (dried gourd), dried shiitake (mushroom), turnip, and gobou (edible burdock) are typically used to make the stock. Mirin is a very important seasoning in Japanese, but it’s not used because it contains traces of alcohol.

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一汁三菜 / Ichijyu Sansai

「一汁三菜」是日本料理菜單的基本構成。這句話是用來表現傳統上日本家常料理的理想菜單組合。其基本構成為米飯和味增湯等一道湯品、一道肉類或海鮮等葷菜，以及蔬菜或海藻、豆腐等植物性菜餚做為副菜二道。在餐廳之類的定食套餐的構成也大多是這種形式。

Ichijyu Sansai is a key part of understanding the concept of Japanese cuisine. It’s a fundamental way of thinking for cooking meals, especially in the home. Ichijyu literally stands for one soup, and Sansai stands for three side dishes. Basically, one bowl of rice and one soup, such as miso soup, are the staples. Then, one main dish using meat or seafood as animal protein, and two other side dishes using vegetables, seaweed, or tofu as vegetable food are traditionally said to be typical and fundamental. This concept is typically seen in set meals, or Teishoku, in restaurants.

https://www.cotogoto.jp/…/2017/04/kihon_ichizyuusannsai.html

日本料理的特徵 / The character of Japanese cuisine

日本料理的特徵是利用食材本來的味道，注重當季食材的季節感。對比西洋料理，也以「和食」的名稱來稱呼日本料理。和食在2013年被註冊為UNESCO(聯合國教科文組織)的非物質文化遺產。日本料理有精進料理、茶懷石、會席料理、年菜等各種形式。此外，日常膳食的代表也有被稱為ㄧ汁三菜（三菜一湯）的構成。

The character of Japanese cuisine consists of two things. One is to make use of the natural tastes of the ingredients themselves, and the other is to value the sense of seasons. Japanese cuisine is also sometimes called Washoku. Wa stands for Japan or Japanese style, and Shoku stands for eating or diet. Yoshoku is it's foreign counterpart. Yo stands for Western style. In 2013, Washoku was designated as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of UNESCO. In Japanese cuisine there are different categories; Shojin, Chakaiseki, Kaiseki, Osechi, and so on. For a balanced daily diet, Ichiju Sansai (one soup and three dishes) is an important keyword.

Photo from Wikipedia

2019 札幌雪祭10丁目的大雪像 / 2019 Sapporo Snow Festival Large snow sculpture at 10-chome site

星際大戰

星際大戰的最新系列作品決定在2019年的冬天上映。在札幌雪祭的大型雪雕用星際大戰做主題已經是第三次。但是，今年預定舉行大規模的表演。除了有人氣角色的R2-D2和C-3PO的登場之外，新系列的BB-8也會登場。

此外，也會製作戰鬥機X-Wing。

The theme of the large snow sculpture at the 10-chome site is Star Wars. In 2019, the new film, titled “Episode IX”, will be released on the big screen. 2019 is the third year that Sapporo Snow Festival has included a Star Wars sculpture. The past two times, many fans from around the world were amazed at the size. This year, a new entertainment concept, using new technology, is going to be shown. R2-D2, C-3PO and BB-8 will be made from snow, as well as the X-Wing fighter space plane.

2019 札幌雪祭8丁目的大雪像 / 2019 Sapporo Snow Festival Large snow sculpture at 8-chome site

RED BEAR

RED BEAR是JR貨物柴油機車「DF200」的暱稱。連結全日本242處貨物車站，一日中約有500輛貨物列車運行。總行駛距離大約為繞地球5圈。從北海道運送許多農產品到日本各地。北海道產的馬鈴薯中約四成，洋蔥約七成是透過鐵路來運送到本州。

The theme of the large snow sculpture at the 8-chome site is Red Bear. It is the nickname of the DF200, which is a locomotive used by Japan Rail Freight. The number of all DF200s running on a typical day is about 500. They carry a lot of cargo between 242 stations throughout Japan. The total distance across which the rails extend is about 200,000 kilometers, which is equivalent to circumnavigating the globe five times. From Hokkaido, a lot of agricultural products are transferred to all parts of Japan. About 40 percent of potatoes and 70 percent of onions produced in Hokkaido are sent to Honshu.

2019 札幌雪祭7丁目的大雪像 / 2019 Sapporo Snow Festival Large snow sculpture at 7-chome site

赫爾辛基大教堂

2019年是日本與芬蘭樹立外交100週年紀念。芬蘭的首都-赫爾辛基是面向波羅的海的都市。此大聖堂位在赫爾辛基的城鎮中央，乃是城鎮的象徵。屋頂上有12位聖徒的雕像。此外，外牆的上部裝飾了令人驚嘆的浮雕畫。新古典主義風格的建築物在1852年完成。

The theme of the large snow sculpture at the 7-chome site is Helsinki Cathedral in Finland, which was completed in 1852. 2019 is the 100th anniversary of when Finland and Japan began a friendship officially. Helsinki, the capital city of Finland, faces the Baltic Sea, and presides over beautiful landscapes. This cathedral standing at the center of the city is their icon and landmark. The walls are white and the domes are green. This contrast of colors makes for something impressive. On the upper parts of the outer building, there are sculptures of 12 angels, as well as relief design. The architecture is of the neo-classic school.